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ChemistryAQA (7405) / Edexcel (9CH0)Bonding

Bonding & Structure Interactive Guide

AQA / Edexcel A-Level Chemistry

Bonding and structure underpins the entire A-Level Chemistry course. This interactive guide covers ionic bonding (electrostatic attraction, lattice structures), covalent bonding (shared pairs, dot-and-cross diagrams, dative bonds), metallic bonding (delocalised electrons), and intermolecular forces (London forces, permanent dipole, hydrogen bonding). Explore how the type of bonding determines physical properties — melting point, electrical conductivity, and solubility — using interactive comparisons between molecular, giant covalent, ionic, and metallic structures.

Uses Google Fonts (JetBrains Mono, Manrope). Requires an internet connection for full styling.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?+
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, forming oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms. Ionic compounds form giant lattices; covalent compounds form simple molecules or giant covalent structures.
Why does diamond have a very high melting point?+
Diamond is a giant covalent structure where each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement. Breaking these bonds requires a very large amount of energy, which is why diamond has an extremely high melting point (over 3,500 degrees C).

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