Non-current assetsLong-term items held for 1+ year — property, machinery, vehicles. Cannot be quickly sold for cash.
Intangible assetsNon-physical value — brand power, patents, goodwill. Harder to put a number on but still contributes to worth.
Current assetsItems expected to turn into cash within a year — stock, debtors, cash in bank.
Current liabilitiesDebts due within one year — overdrafts, money owed to suppliers, short-term tax bills.
Working capitalCurrent assets minus current liabilities. The cash available to run the business day-to-day.
Net assetsTotal assets minus total liabilities. Can be negative — not always bad if the debt is funding growth.
Retained profitProfit kept from previous years. Acts as a rainy day fund or is saved for big future purchases.
Share capitalMoney raised by selling shares in the business to investors. An external source of finance.